Background: Role of anesthesiologist is important in difficult intubation and laryngoscopy and the role of an expert assistant performing the required maneuvers is important as well. Nevertheless, these maneuvers cannot be efficient during intubation in some cases because of inadequate experience of assistants. Therefore, in this study we compared the degree of laryngoscopic view and intubation condition using BURP and Modified BURP maneuvers. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups of study based on entering to the operation room. Premedication and induction of anesthesia were performed similarly in both groups. Later, laryngoscopy and intubation were performed. In control group, anesthesiologist recorded the visualized degree. Assistant was asked to perform maneuvers to improve laryngoscopic view. In case group, after recording the initial laryngoscopic view, anesthesiologist improved laryngoscopic view by his right hand and asked his assistant to intubate the patient. Then degree of improvement of visualization and success of intubation in two groups were compared. Results: The mean time required for intubation was significantly more in the control group (P<0. 001). In case group, laryngoscopic view improved significantly more than the control group (P=0. 005). Nevertheless, the success of intubation was equal in both groups with no significant difference. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that Modified BURP provides better view of laryngoscopy compared to BURP. Both methods and maneuvers are equally effective regarding the success of intubation.

Background: Nonunions with large defect is a problem, especially in large defects with infection this problem is more serious. Due to war and grave accidents in our country, we have encountered with these difficulties and in future time will also.Methods: We Modified D.O.B.G by using plate in one side of large defect and metal plate on another side, and fixed these plates using screws anchoring the distal and proximal segments of nonunion sites rigidly. The technique is very simple, reliable, less morbidity in donor site, short operation time and needn's especial instruments and equipments. We use this technique in 146 patients and follow one hundred of thems for 2.5 yrs (mean time) clinically and radiological.Results: Union rate was ninety percent. Due to rigid fixation and early R.O.M of joints the final limbs function were excellent (comparison with others technique).Discussion: Modified D.O.B.G is the choice technique for nonunion with lange defect especially in metaphysis. because of rigid fixation results early R.O.M and good limb function, high union rate, short operation time, simple technique and less morbidity in donor site.

Introduction: According to appropriate characteristics of glass ionomer cementum and constant increase of its usage in restorative field, so comparison of conventional and resin- Modified glass ionomers seems to be useful. This study was designed to determine the shear bond strength of conventional and resin- Modified glass Ionomers on enamel, dentin and cementum.Methods: This was an experimental study. Totally 60 molar intact teeth were divided into six groups. In groups A and D the surface of enamel was prepared 1mm, in groups B and E, the preparation was continued until the surface of dentin was exposed and in groups F and C the surface of cementum was only refreshed.In groups A, B, and C conventional glass ionomer and in groups F, E, and D resin-Modified glass ionomer was used. For each specimen a plastic cylinder with 2mm diameter and 3mm height was bonded on treated surface and the teeth were filled by the relevant glass ionomer. In groups F, E, and D glass ionomer was light cured for 40 seconds. specimens were loaded to failure in a universal testing machine Then statistical analysis was performed using one- way ANOVA and LSD test (P=0.05).Results: The mean shear bond strength of groups A, B, C, D, E and F were 17.25, 14.77, 15.37, 27.30, 57.80, 23.50 Mpa, respectively. The difference between shear bond strength of groups F, E, and D with groups A, B, and C was statistically significant (P=0.001).Conclusion: The shear bond strength of the resin-Modified glass Ionomers was significantly higher than that of conventional glass ionomer in all three surfaces.

This paper presents a Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA) for high sensitivity Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). The proposed TIA is based on the Regulated Cascode (RGC) structure with an extra transistor employed to implement additional feed-forward path and achieve higher gain values. The extra transistor senses a partially amplified input signal, available in the conventional circuit, and conveys an additional ac current into the load, which provides a higher gain. In addition, a bandwidth extension method is introduced using a capacitor and resistor, which can improve amplifier’s bandwidth by 40%. The proposed TIA is designed in 0.18µm CMOS technology and achieves a transimpedance gain of 101.9dB with a -3dB bandwidth of 91.2 MHz considering 2pF of photodiode capacitance at the TIA input. The input referred noise is 4.4pA/√Hz while dissipating 151µW power.

Background and Objectives: In patients suffering of hand trauma, zone II injuries of flexor tendons could cause significant disability if not properly managed. In the treatment of such injuries prevention of adhesion and the resulting stiffness is of main concern. Surgical treatment should achieve a primary tendon repair of sufficient tensile strength to allow application of a postoperative rehabilitation program. The aim of this study was to analyze prospectively the results of such repair using the Modified Strickland technique.Methods and Materials: In a period of 3 years, 50 patients with 70 flexor tendon lacerations were enrolled in this study. After repair using Modified Strickland technique, the rehabilitation program using dorsal splinting and rubber band technique was started. The mean age of the patients was 28 years (ranging from 4 to 55 years). Eight patients did not followed-up and 42 patients with sixty flexor tendon repairs were followed for a mean period of eight months (ranging from 6 to 12 months).Results: Results of This study showed that according to Strickland's criteria in 47 tendon repairs (78.3%) the result was excellent with total active motion of 153 degrees. In 6 cases (10%) the result was good, in 3 cases (5%) it was fair and in four cases (6.7%) the result was poor.Conclusion: Despite improvements in repair site strength and in the understanding of repair - site biology, adhesions still frequently form between the tendon and surrounding fibro - osseous sheath. The result of this study showed that the Modified Strickland's technique if used properly with attention to details of an atraumatic and delicate surgical repair and postoperative rehabilitation can produce good or excellent results in more than 85% of cases.

Statement of Problem: There are different tooth brushing methods for removing dental plaque from tooth surfaces. The effectiveness of these methods, and the time needed for instruction, learning and using seem to be different. Also, it is possible that the effectiveness of each method reduces with time, based on its difficulty level and the reduction of the patient s attention in following the given instructions. Purpose: The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of six different accepted tooth brushing methods on total and specific teeth, as well as on special tooth surfaces. The research also compared the time needed for instruction, learning and using the methods. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a single blind randomised controlled trial protocol to compare the six accepted tooth brushing methods: Roll, Bass, Charters' (C), Modified Stillman (MS), and Modified Bass in two ways (MB1-MB2). 15 volunteers were selected from the basic science level dental students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All the six methods were instructed to each volunteer, using a randomly selected sequence. Each participant should, therefore, pass six consequent courses, by the same sequences as follow: 1st Visit: After polishing the teeth, the participant was asked to abstain any kind of tooth cleaning. - 2nd visit (48-72 hours later): O'Leary Plaque Index (PI) was recorded and then the randomised selected method was instructed. Then, the participant brushed his/her teeth and PI was registered again. The time needed for instruction and using the method was registered too. The participant was then asked to use this newly learned tooth brushing method twice a day for 7±1 days. - 3rd visit (7±1 days later): PI was recorded. The teeth were polished. The participant was asked to abstain any kind of tooth cleaning for 48-72 hours, as washout period of the previous method and preparation period for the next method (2nd visit of the next course). The final stage was comparing the results, in which the effectiveness of each method was evaluated based on the mean percentage of plaque reduction after the first usage, and also the mean percentage of the plaque remained after using the method for 7±1 days. The time needed for instruction, learning and using the methods were also compared. The statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software and variance analysis (randomised block design). Results: Considering all the teeth and their total surfaces; after 1st usage, the methods of C and MB1 were statistically more effective than the other methods. But the difference between these two methods was not significant. Also after 7±1 days, the differences between all methods were not statistically significant. On the posterior teeth, after 1st usage and also after 7±1 days, the method of C was significantly more effective than the others, with the exception of MB1 for which their differences were not significant. Also MB1 was significantly more effective than the methods of Bass and Roll, but only after the 1st usage. On the anterior teeth, after 1st usage, method of C was statistically more effective than the methods of Bass, MB2 and MS. Also MB1 was significantly more effective than MB2 and MS. But after 7±1 days, the differences proved insignificant. Considering the specific surfaces of the teeth; on the proximal surfaces, after the 1st usage of the methods, the methods of C and MB1was significantly more effective than the others, except each other, which their difference was not significant. But after 7±1days the method of C was statistically more effective only than the methods of Bass, MB2 and MS, and the method of MB1was significantly more effective than MB2. On the buccal and lingual surfaces the differences were not statistically significant at both stage of evaluation. When statistically considering the time needed for instruction, learning and usage, the method of C needed more time than Bass and Roll methods. In the same way, MB1 needed more time than Roll method. The most time needed was related to MB2 which was more than the time needed for the methods of Bass, Roll and MS (P<0.001 and alfa=0.05).Conclusion: The tooth brushing methods of Charters’ and a kind of Modified Bass method (in which Bass and Roll methods are used separately and consequently) were evaluated as the most effective methods.

Patients Information: Laparoscopic Vaginoplasty with Modified Vecchietti Technique is a new method in the treatment of vaginal agenesis. In this method, a combination of dilatation and graftless surgery is used. This technique was first developed in 1992 for the first time in the world, and it was used in Sarem Hospital in 2009 for the first time in Iran. After primary examinations and the definitive diagnosis of Mayer-Rokitansky and Kuster-Hauser syndrome, 9 patients with vaginal agenesis were operated by Laparoscopic Vaginoplasty, using Modified Mecchietti Technique between 2009 and 2014; their surgical outcomes and their subsequent consequences including sexual satisfaction were followed up and studied. Only 2 out of 9 patients had complaints about their vaginal length because of lack of regular intercourse. The average time for surgery was 2 hours and 8 minutes and the mean vaginal length was 6. 5 cm. According to the last patients’ follow up, the minimum increased vaginal length was 3 cm and maximum vaginal length was 10 cm. Also, the average hospitalization time was 7. 3 days. Conclusion: All in all, compared with other vaginoplasty methods, the mentioned technique has fewer side effects and it is more effective. Because of lack of transplantation, there was no side effect of transplantation.